Early literacy skills are the foundational abilities that help children begin to read and write with confidence. These early building blocks are essential for future reading success.
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The 5 Key Components of Reading
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Reading is made up of five core components. When these are taught step-by-step, in a clear and structured way—using a method called Structured Literacy—children are far more likely to succeed.
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Phonological Awareness: The ability to hear, recognize, and play with sounds in spoken language (like rhyming, syllables, and individual sounds in words)
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Phonics: Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds; using that knowledge to read and spell words
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Fluency: Reading with speed, accuracy, and expression, which allows children to focus on meaning
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Vocabulary: Knowing and understanding a wide range of words—critical for both spoken and written language
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Comprehension: The ability to understand, connect with, and think about what is read
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Structured Literacy
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Structured Literacy is a research-based approach to teaching reading that is especially helpful for young learners and those who may struggle. It is:
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Explicit: Skills are taught clearly, not left to guesswork
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Systematic: Lessons follow a logical, intentional sequence
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Cumulative: New skills build on previously taught concepts
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Diagnostic: Instruction is adjusted based on your child’s progress
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Multi-sensory: Learning engages sight, sound, touch, and movement​
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Why It Matters
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Fostering these reading skills through proven, structured methods gives your child the tools they need for success—not only in school, but for a lifetime of literacy and learning.